Uncovering the meaning of four semantic attributes of sound : Bright, Warm, Round and Rough Interviews with sound experts
Résumé
The present study aims to understand the use and the definition of four terms selected from the sound lexicon developed by Carron et al. [4]. Bright (brillant), round (rond), warm (chaud) and rough (rugueux) are four terms vastly used in the French language for sound description in sound creation processes such as music performance, orchestration, sound engineering or sound design. Yet, they lack formal, standardized definitions. The goal is to get definitions, or semantic portraits, for each word with corresponding sound samples from a musical instrument dataset. • Participants : 32 French-fluent sound experts (musicians, composers, sound engineers, sound designers, acousticians …) • Sound dataset : Studio online Library & Vienna Symphonic Library (~600 musical instruments sound samples) • Duration :~2h10 • Structure : Divided in four parts (for each term) • Questionnaire : Q1 : Frequency and context of use of the studied term Q2 : Definition of the studied term Q3 : Sound samples for the studied term Q4 : Sound samples for the opposite of the studied term Q5 : Definition of the opposite of the studied term Q6 : Investigation of the affect aspect of the studied term Semantic Analysis Methods Acoustic Sound specific semantic nasal (nasal), resonant (résonnant), noisy (bruité) Dynamic forte, piano, crescendo Spectral high-pitch (aigu), harmonics (harmoniques), medium (medium) Temporal attack (attaque), release (décroissance), steady (stable) Source related Excitation mode rub (frotter), vibrato, breathing (souffler) Source trumpet (trompette), voice (voix), orchestra (orchestre) Metaphoric-extracted from literature [1] [3] [4] [5] Crossmodal correspondance (CMC) warm (chaud), harsh (dur), clear (clair) Matter (shape, density, material) round (rond), full (plein), organic (organique) Effect enveloping (enveloppant), scratching (qui gratte) Affect pleasant (agréable), aggressive (agressif), straightforward (franc) Definitions & Sound samples Context • A bright sound has most of the spectral energy in the high frequencies. It is often a high-pitched sound that can be composed with a sharp attack. • A warm sound tends to be a low-pitched or mid-low-pitched sound. It gives a feeling of spectral richness in the mid-low frequencies. It has a rather soft attack and it is a fairly pleasant sound that gives a sensation of envelopment. • A round sound has a soft attack and is temporally stable. It tends to also have a soft release or a long resonance. A round sound is spectrally perceived as full with a spectral balance located in the mid-low frequencies. • A rough sound is temporally unstable ; it presents fast temporal variations that can bring some sort of noise. It gives a rubbing/scratching sensation. Glockenspiel hard stick Trumpet brassy Bass clarinet ordinario Cello ordinario Doublebass pizzicato Marimba soft stick Tuba ordinario Winds flatterzunge Bassoon multiphonics Strings sul ponticello • 10 categories of sound description with verbal examples translated in English along with the original verbatims in French. • Categories were validated with the top 50 lemmas by 4 experts-Fleiss' kappa : = 0.69 (p< 0.001) Online survey (in progress) Goal : Reduce/Hierarchize the quantity of relevant information in order to build more robust definitions Corpus : Phrases extracted from Q2 and Q5 for each term, based on the most occuring lemmas Populations : French-fluent sound experts Questions (example) :-According to you, the meaning of the concept "high-pitched sound" is : accurate/ vague / incomprehensible-In your opinion, is a bright sound a high-pitched sound ? Strongly agree … Strongly disagree / Non relevant • Tokenization • Lemmatization [2] Lemma/Interviewee frequency for each term Perspectives References Ex : Bright (Brillant)
Domaines
Linguistique
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