L. Helsinki, . Lille, . Lisbon, . London, . Liverpool et al.,

B. Airways, A. Lufthansa, . Easyjet, . Vueling, . Lufthansa et al., British Airways, Air France, TAP, Alitalia, Aer Lingus, Iberia and KLM. We have therefore 5 additional fictive airlines, StarAlliance2 which gathers Brussels Airlines, Aegean Airlines, Austrian airlines mainly, Skyteam2 which gathers Transavia, Garuda, Air Europa, Hop and Czech Airlines, Oneworld2 which gathers Finnair, Niki, Main others which gathers all classic airlines, and LC2 which gathers all the other Low Cost airlines. References Aguirregabiria, Alitalia are among the top 15 airlines counting for 85% of the traffic 21 We have the first fifteen airlines Ryanair, vol.156, pp.38-67, 2010.

V. Aguirregabiria and C. Y. Ho, A dynamic game of airline network competition: Hub-and-spoke networks and entry deterrence, International Journal of Industrial Organization, vol.28, issue.4, pp.377-382, 2010.

V. Aguirregabiria and C. Y. Ho, A dynamic oligopoly game of the US airline industry: Estimation and policy experiments, Journal of Econometrics, vol.168, issue.1, pp.156-173, 2012.

D. W. Andrews and G. Soares, Inference for Parameters Defined by Moment Inequalities Using Generalized Moment Selection, Econometrica, vol.78, pp.119-157, 2010.

D. W. Andrews and X. Shi, Inference Based on Conditional Moment Inequalities, Econometrica, vol.81, pp.609-666, 2013.

P. Bajari, C. L. Benkard, L. , and J. , Estimating dynamic models of imperfect competition, Econometrica, vol.75, issue.5, pp.1331-1370, 2007.

P. Bajari, H. Hong, and S. Ryan, Identification and Estimation of Discrete Games of Complete Information, Econometrica, vol.78, pp.1529-68, 2010.

P. Bajari, H. Hong, and D. Nekipelov, Game Theory and Econometrics: A Survey of Some Recent Research, Advances in Economics and Econometrics: Tenth World Congress, pp.3-52, 2013.

C. L. Benkard, A. Bodoh-creed, and J. Lazarev, Simulating the dynamic effects of horizontal mergers: Us airlines, 2018.

A. Beresteanu, I. Molchanov, and F. Molinari, Sharp Identification Regions in Models with Convex Moment Predictions, Econometrica, vol.79, pp.1785-1821, 2011.

S. Berry, Estimation of a Model of Entry in the Airline Industry, Econometrica, vol.60, pp.889-917, 1992.

S. Berry and P. Reiss, Empirical Models of Entry and Market Structure, vol.3, 2007.

S. Berry and E. Tamer, Identification in Models of Oligopoly Entry, Advances in Economics and Econometrics: Theory and Applications, Ninth World Congress, vol.2, 2007.

P. Bjorn and Q. Vuong, Simultaneous equations models for dummy endogenous variables: a game theoretic formulation with an application to labor force participation, 1984.

R. Blundell and J. L. Powell, Endogeneity in Nonparametric and Semiparametric Regression Models, Advances in Economics and Econometrics, Eighth World Congress, vol.2, 2003.

C. Boguslaski, H. Ito, and D. Lee, Entry Patterns in the Southwest Airlines Route System, Review of Industrial Organisation, vol.25, p.317350, 2004.

C. Bontemps and T. Magnac, Set Identification, Moment Restrictions and Inference, Annu. Rev. Econ, vol.9, p.103179, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01575813

C. Bontemps and R. Kumar, A Geometric Approach to Inference in Set-Identified Entry Games, Journal of Econometrics, 2019.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02137356

T. Bresnahan and P. Reiss, Entry and Competition in Concentrated Markets, Journal of Political Economy, vol.99, issue.5, pp.977-1009, 1991.

T. F. Bresnahan and P. Reiss, Empirical models of discrete games, J. Econometrics, vol.48, issue.1-2, pp.57-81, 1991.

F. Ciliberto and E. Tamer, Market Structure and Multiple Equilibria in Airline Markets, Econometrica, vol.77, pp.1791-1828, 2009.

V. Chernozhukov, H. Hong, and E. Tamer, Inference on Parameter Sets in Econometric Models, Econometrica, vol.75, pp.1243-1284, 2007.

K. Cleeren, F. Verboven, M. G. Dekimpe, and K. Gielens, Intra-and interformat competition among discounters and supermarkets, Marketing science, vol.29, issue.3, pp.456-473, 2010.

A. Dunn, Do low-quality products affect high-quality entry? Multiproduct firms and nonstop entry in airline markets, International Journal of Industrial Organization, vol.26, issue.5, pp.1074-1089, 2008.

L. Einav, Not all rivals look alike: Estimating an equilibrium model of the release date timing game, Economic Inquiry, vol.48, issue.2, pp.369-390, 2010.

D. Gillen, H. Hasheminia, and C. Jiang, trategic Considerations Behind the Network Regional Airline Tie Ups A Theoretical and Empirical Study, Transportation Research B: Methodological, vol.72, p.93111, 2015.

P. L. Grieco, Discrete games with flexible information structures: an application to local grocery markets, RAND Journal of Economics, vol.45, pp.303-340, 2014.

J. J. Heckman, Dummy Endogenous Variables in a Simultaneous Equation System, Econometrica, vol.46, p.931959, 1978.

P. Jia, What Happens When Wal-Mart Comes to Town: An Empirical Analysis of the Discount Retailing Industry, Econometrica, issue.6, pp.1263-1316, 2008.

C. Manski, Identification problems in the social sciences, 1995.

M. J. Mazzeo, Product Choice and Oligopoly Market Structure, Rand Journal of Economics, vol.33, issue.2, pp.221-242, 2002.

A. V. De-oliveira, An empirical model of low-cost carrier entry, Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice, vol.42, pp.673-695, 2008.

A. De-paula, Econometric Analysis of Games with Multiple Equilibria, Annual Review of Economics, vol.5, pp.107-131, 2013.

M. Pesendorfer and P. Schmidt-dengler, Asymptotic least squares estimators for dynamic games, The Review of Economic Studies, vol.75, issue.3, pp.901-928, 2008.

P. Reiss, Empirical Models of Discrete Strategic Choices, American Economic Review, vol.86, pp.421-426, 1996.

R. M. Sampaio, Competition Between Low-Cost Carriers and Traditional Airlines: An Empirical entry Model, 2011.

K. Seim, An Empirical Model of Firm Entry with Endogenous Product-type Choices, Rand Journal of Economics, vol.37, pp.619-640, 2006.

J. Sutton, Sunk Costs and Market Structure: Price Competition, Advertising, and the Evolution of Concentration, 1991.

E. Tamer, Incomplete simultaneous discrete response model with multiple equilibria, Rev. Econ. Stud, vol.70, issue.1, pp.147-165, 2003.

E. Tamer, Partial Identification in Econometrics, Annu. Rev. Econ, vol.2, pp.167-95, 2010.